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How do we recognise familiar faces?
What factors determine facial attractiveness?
How does face processing develop in infants and children?
Why do face reconstruction systems, such as Photofit and E-Fit, produce such poor likenesses of the original face?
Face Processing: psychological, neuropsychological and applied perspectives is the first major textbook for 20 years that seeks to answer questions like these. Drawing on the most recent research in the field, and organised around the three main research perspectives - psychological, neuropsychological, and applied - it provides insights on issues of relevance to students from a wide range of disciplines.
Face recognition and expression perception have generated a large amount of research over the last decade, and with high profile media coverage of related issues, such as the misidentification of Brazilian student, Jean Charles de Menezes, face processing is a hot topic within the study of psychology. Face Processing captures the excitement in the field, and with reference to a wealth of studies and real-world phenomena, it reveals how our understanding of face processing has developed over the years.
The first section of the book, on the psychological perspectives of face processing, considers how we are able to recognise familiar faces; how we can extract information such as emotion, sex and age from a face; and how face processing abilities develop.
The second section covers the neuropsychological perspectives, and examines the disorders of face recognition that arise following brain injury, and asks whether faces are a 'special' class of visual stimuli.
Finally, a section on the applied perspectives of face processing describes face reconstruction systems, such as Identikit and Photofit, and their limitations; it discusses methods of constructing facial composites, and the phenomenon of 'verbal overshadowing', whereby verbal descriptions of visual stimuli subsequently leads to a temporary impairment in people's ability to recognise those stimuli.
Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, this book is the perfect resource for students studying face processing as part of a psychology degree, and the breadth of its coverage makes it of relevance to computer science students, medical students with an interest in neurology, and students of forensic science, too.
Online Resource Centre
The Online Resource Centre to accompany Face Processing: psychological, neuropsychological, and applied perspectives features the following resources for lecturers and students.
For registered adopters
Figures from the book available to download
For students
Hyperlinks to primary literature articles
Web link library
- Sales Rank: #2070109 in Books
- Published on: 2010-08-13
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 7.40" h x .90" w x 9.60" l, 1.85 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 432 pages
Review
"I don't believe there is a text that is comparable." --Dr Melissa A. Lea, Millsaps College, US
"This book provides the most comprehensive and clearly written coverage of face perception that I have read to date." --Dr Graham Pike, Department of Psychology,The Open University
"Contains one of the most complete and understandable chapters on eye witness that I am aware of." --Dr Olivier Pascalis, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield
About the Author
Graham Hole is a senior lecturer at the University of Sussex. He has been researching face processing since 1994, and is the author or co-author of numerous journal articles on the topic. Most of his work has centered around investigating the nature of the 'configural' processing that we routinely use in order to recognize faces. Other interests include the development of face processing in children; the neuropsychology of face recognition; and how we estimate a person's age on the basis of their face.
Victoria Bourne has been a lecturer at the University of Dundee since 2005. Her research interests centre around the development and determinants of cerebral hemispheric differences in cognitive processing, with particular expertise in the neural lateralisation of face recognition and the perception of emotional expression. Recently she was the guest editor of a special issue of the journal Laterality, on changes in emotional lateralisation throughout childhood.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A who, what, where, when, why kind of processing
By Carmine L. Cuda
Face Processing, by Graham Hole and Victoria Bourne is the first and possibly only textbook to look specifically at face processing. It provides a well rounded holistic view of the current knowledge scientists have acquired on face processing and the implications it has on our daily lives. It is a great culmination of current research in the field and its real world applications. I intend to use this book review to provide potential readers with an outline, overview of content and sneak peak at some of the more interesting connections made by the book.
Organization:
The book is organized in chapters like a textbook, with bolded keywords and a bulleted summary of key points at the end of each chapter. It is divided into three parts. First it looks at psychological perspectives, including models of facial perception (ch. 1), how the brain represents faces (ch. 2), emotional (ch. 3) and social (ch. 4) aspects of face processing, as well as the development of face processing in infants (ch. 5) and children (ch. 6). It then looks at neuropsychological perspectives, including those based on clinical observations after brain damage (ch. 7), developmental disorders (ch. 8), cognition (ch. 9), and the "specialness" of faces in processing (ch. 10). In the final chapters, it offers applied perspectives for which this knowledge base can be used including eyewitness identification (ch. 11), own-group biases in recognition (ch. 12), and technology that helps reproduce images of faces (ch. 13). The basic layout provides an overview of how face processing works in the first few chapters, and understanding of why we have developed this way, disorders and other hard data driven explanations of these general understandings, and real world applications. Chapters go into great detail, but key concepts are explained very well early on, so that even a novice in the subject matter can by reading through it sequentially, understand the material. The author also shows an understanding for the fact that most of these concepts are novel to the majority of people, and provides lots of examples outside of face processing to help teach the basic concepts before moving on. The book does a good job of balancing the presentation of current research and putting it into terms that make it understandable and relevant. It also, presents all the research available, even if it is contrasting, and attempts not to draw conclusions on everything, but to help form possible explanations for what has been learned through research.
What's so special about face processing?
Face processing, as one of the chapters of this book indicates, is a special neural circuit that follows the general trends of neural circuits with its own distinct modifications. The specific pathways it follows and ways it is processed depends just as much on the person whose brain is processing the info (age, gender, race, stress, disorders, hormone levels), as it does on the stimulus face (face angle, race, facial features, familiarity, emotional expression) . Faces are processed separately from other non-face visual stimuli. The innate nature of this process is demonstrated through the fact that infants as young as 9 hours old have been shown to process faces separately from other visual stimuli.
There are a couple of evolutionary suggestions for why facial processing has developed as a separate neural circuit. Humans evolved in a very interactive community, where the ability to distinguish on a basic level between friends and enemies as well as between friends on a social level facilitated a survival advantage. And, as the book explains on page 102, "there has been a strong evolutionary pressure for us to be able to detect attractiveness, because it is an indicator that the person displaying it has developed normally, is in good health and has a robust immune system."
As far as the specific pathways that facial information is processed through, there are a couple different models that have been proposed, none of which can be absolutely proven. It is known however that the Fusiform Face Area which lies on the fusiform gyrus in the temporal lobe has developed specifically for processing facial images, and that the development of this area follows other development patterns within the brain. At a young age, children have a wide range of circuits available to process facial data, and the types of facial stimuli that they are exposed to early on affect the types for which they develop perceptual acuity. This results in what is known as "own-group bias", where even into adulthood, humans are better at distinguishing between and recognizing faces of people belonging to their same race then they are for other races.
While all of this research exists supporting the "specialness" of faces, the book also presents counterarguments that suggest facial processing is just a more well developed pathway within the visual object processing pathways. As the book concludes, "whether faces are special or not is still a hotly debated topic and, ultimately, one that is perhaps impossible to resolve conclusively."
Real World Implication: Eye witness testimony
While eye witness testimony is commonly used as a basis for arrests and judgments in many judicial systems across the world, research in face processing has proven that it is unreliable. There are many factors that account for this. Recognizing a face as familiar is a simpler neurological circuit than recognizing a face within a specific context, and this line can be distorted when a victim is looking to identify the criminal he witnessed. Stress levels induced by a crime also reduce the energy put into encoding facial information in favor of focusing on processes relevant for immediate survival. The "own-group bias also comes into effect, as witnesses find it difficult to distinguish between faces of people from other races. Even when witnesses claim that they are confident, studies show that there is little correlation between a person's confidence and their actual ability to recognize a specific face. Given that many current inmates in prisons were sent there based on eyewitness testimony, the culmination of all this research on facial perception has the potential to overturn a faulty identification technique based on a witness's ability to accurately recognize a criminal and save innocent people from going to jail.
Recommendation
This book is a great read for neuro geeks. Reading this book can not only increase your personal understanding of face processing specifically, but provide an example through which to better understand neural processing in general. It is also a good resource for anyone who wants to understand face processing better because of personal experience with face processing disorders such as prosopagnosia or for people concerned with its scientific applications, such as those in the criminal justice field (eye witness testimony), or those interested in psychology (how we perceive emotion and social cues from faces). It does a good job of summing up and organizing nearly all the research currently available on face processing and presenting it in a way that is relevant. It doesn't attempt to make absolute claims, but rather explains the possible implications of available research. Face Processing will provide you with a holistic view of how your brain individually works to recognize the faces of everyone around you and blow you away with an appreciation for the intricate nature of the neural processes involved for a task that we as humans often take for granted.
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